WASHINGTON — In one of his last acts in office, President Trump issued clemency grants on Wednesday to a variety of allies, including pardons for Stephen K. Bannon, his former chief strategist, and Elliott Broidy, one of the president’s top fund-raisers in 2016, continuing a pattern of using his power to reward those with close ties to him.
Mr. Trump’s action, hours before his departure from the White House, underscored how many of his close associates and supporters throughout his presidency became ensnared in corruption cases and other legal troubles, and highlighted again his willingness to use his power to help them.
His decision to grant clemency to a number of people caught up in high-profile corruption cases also represented a final lashing out by Mr. Trump at a criminal justice system that he had come to view as unfairly hounding him and his allies. It came as the Senate prepared for his second impeachment trial, on a charge of inciting the deadly riot at the Capitol this month, and could be another factor in influencing whether Republicans join Democrats in voting to convict him.
Mr. Trump retains the power to issue further pardons — including theoretically for himself and members of his family — until noon Wednesday, when his four-year tenure comes to an end. But officials said they did not anticipate him doing so.
The latest round of pardons and commutations — 143 in total — followed dozens last month, when Mr. Trump pardoned associates like Paul Manafort and Roger J. Stone Jr., and four Blackwater guards convicted in connection with the killing of Iraqi civilians.
Mr. Bannon was under indictment on charges that he misused money he helped raise for a group backing Mr. Trump’s border wall, but had not yet gone to trial. Mr. Broidy pleaded guilty last year to conspiring to violate foreign lobbying laws as part of a covert campaign to influence the Trump administration on behalf of Chinese and Malaysian interests.
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Among others receiving pardons or commuted sentences from Mr. Trump were several previously convicted former politicians. They included Rick Renzi, a former House Republican who was sentenced in 2013 to three years in jail in association with a bribery scheme involving an Arizona land swap deal; Robert Hayes, a former House Republican from North Carolina who pleaded guilty in 2019 to lying to the F.B.I.; and Kwame M. Kilpatrick, a Democrat and former Detroit mayor who was convicted in 2013 for using his office to enrich himself and his family through shakedowns, kickbacks and bid-rigging schemes.
Mr. Trump also granted clemency to William T. Walters, a wealthy sports gambler. A jury convicted Mr. Walters in 2017 on charges related to his role in an insider-trading scheme, and he was sentenced to five years in prison.
Mr. Walters hired Mr. Trump’s former personal lawyer John M. Dowd in 2018, after he stopped representing Mr. Trump, The New York Times reported this week. Mr. Dowd bragged to Mr. Walters and others that he could help them receive a pardon because of his close relationship with the president.
Mr. Dowd had also said that Mr. Trump would look favorably upon those who had been investigated by federal prosecutors for the Southern District of New York in Manhattan, an office that the president has long viewed as hostile to him and that has been involved in other investigations touching on him and his allies, according to two people briefed on the matter. Mr. Walters has paid Mr. Dowd tens of thousands of dollars to represent him, the people said.
The pardon of Mr. Bannon was particularly notable because he had been charged with a crime but had yet to stand trial. An overwhelming majority of pardons and commutations granted by presidents have been for those convicted and sentenced.
The White House had planned on releasing the list of those granted clemency earlier in the day, but the debate over Mr. Bannon, who encouraged Mr. Trump publicly to fight the certification of the 2020 election, was part of the delay, officials said.
By late afternoon on Tuesday, advisers believed they had kept a pardon for Mr. Bannon from happening. But by around 9 p.m., Mr. Trump had changed his mind and Mr. Bannon was added to the list.
Mr. Trump and Mr. Bannon spoke by phone during the day as the president was weighing the pardon, as Mr. Bannon’s allies tried to apply pressure to make it happen and his detractors pushed the president not to go ahead with it.
Among other things, Mr. Bannon has been a frequent antagonist of the Senate majority leader, Senator Mitch McConnell, Republican of Kentucky, who has blamed Mr. Trump for stoking the riot at the Capitol on Jan. 6. Mr. McConnell has left open the possibility of voting to convict Mr. Trump in the upcoming Senate impeachment trial.
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Mr. Trump’s decision to grant Mr. Bannon a pardon is the latest twist in a complicated relationship between the two men that started during the 2016 presidential campaign, fell apart during Mr. Bannon’s time as the White House’s chief strategist and was resurrected in recent months as Mr. Bannon encouraged Mr. Trump’s bid for a second term and the efforts to overturn the election.
Mr. Bannon was indicted and arrested in August by federal prosecutors in Manhattan on charges related to the money raised to promote the construction of the border wall long sought by Mr. Trump.
The group said that it planned to use the funds to build portions of the wall that Mr. Trump had been blocked from using federal funding on. Conservative activists, like Mr. Trump’s oldest son, Donald Trump Jr., appeared at an event for the group, which ultimately brought in $25 million in donations. Mr. Bannon used $1 million for his own personal expenses, according to the prosecutors.
Mr. Bannon, who pleaded not guilty, said the charges were just part of a larger effort intended to derail those fighting to build the wall.
Mr. Bannon helped guide the president’s campaign to victory in 2016. But he had an extraordinarily messy split with Mr. Trump in August 2017, prompting him to leave the White House.
Mr. Bannon cooperated with a tell-all book about the White House by the author Michael Wolff, during which he said critical things about the president’s son. And Mr. Trump referred to him derisively as “Sloppy Steve.”
But Mr. Bannon was supportive of Mr. Trump’s efforts to overturn the 2020 election, helping heal the rift between them.
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The clemency grants came less than 12 hours before the end of Mr. Trump’s presidency, after weeks of denying his re-election loss and incitement of his supporters, culminating in the riot at the Capitol and leading to his impeachment for a second time by the House.
Since Mr. Trump ran out of options for challenging the election results, he and his White House advisers have focused significant energy on deciding who should be granted clemency, an unchecked presidential power that Mr. Trump has relished wielding. The president has polled associates about pardon candidates, and he and his top aides in recent days have personally called the families of some of the people whose clemency grants were set to be announced on Tuesday.
Mr. Trump has continued expressing interest in pre-emptively pardoning himself, but he has been warned against such an extraordinary move by the White House counsel, Pat A. Cipollone, and the former attorney general, William P. Barr.
Mr. Cipollone also warned the president against granting clemency for Republican lawmakers who might be connected to the storming of the Capitol, a person briefed on the discussion said. And Mr. Trump has been cautioned against issuing pre-emptive pardons for his three eldest children, his son-in-law and his personal lawyer Rudolph W. Giuliani, none of whom have been charged with wrongdoing.
Mr. Giuliani has been under investigation by the federal prosecutors in Manhattan over whether he illegally lobbied the Trump administration on behalf of Ukrainian interests.
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Mr. Broidy — a California businessman who was a leading fund-raiser for Mr. Trump’s 2016 campaign and inauguration before being tapped as deputy finance chairman for the Republican National Committee — pleaded guilty in October in the foreign lobbying case.
He was set to be sentenced at a hearing that had been scheduled for Feb. 12.
As part of his guilty plea, Mr. Broidy, 63, admitted that he had accepted $9 million from the fugitive Malaysian financier Jho Low, some of which was then paid to an associate, to push the Trump administration for the extradition of a Chinese dissident and to drop a case related to an embezzlement scheme from a Malaysian sovereign wealth fund that the United States has accused Mr. Low of engineering.
