Eating Junk Food 'Turns Off' Body's Cancer Defence Mechanism

Junk Food and Cancer Link

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Singapore suggests that consuming a lot of junk food can deactivate one of the body's defence mechanisms against cancer. The study sheds light on why ultra-processed foods have been associated with certain types of cancer.

Mechanism Behind the Effect

The study found that a chemical called Methylglyoxal, released when sugary and fatty foods are consumed, temporarily hinders the function of a cancer-fighting gene known as BRCA2. This chemical has been linked to a genetic mutation pattern seen in some cancers, according to experts.

Impact on Cancer Risk

High levels of Methylglyoxal can trigger the destruction of the BRCA2 protein, reducing its levels in cells and inhibiting its tumour-preventing function. This effect, although temporary, can last long enough to increase the risk of cancer development.

Implications for Public Health

With around 3 million Brits currently living with cancer and numbers predicted to rise, the study underscores the importance of understanding the impact of diet on cancer risk. Ultra-processed foods, such as cookies, hot dogs, and ready meals, are often high in salt, fat, sugar, and artificial additives, and have been previously linked to obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and cancer.

Looking Ahead

The study, published in Cell, focused on how Methylglyoxal affects cells in mice with the BRCA2 gene mutation, known to increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. The findings suggest that repeated exposure to poor diet choices can accumulate over time, raising the risk of cancer.

Expert Insights

Professor Ashok Venkitaraman highlights that the inhibition of BRCA2 by Methylglyoxal can lead to DNA faults that are early indicators of cancer. Registered dietitian Kelsey Costa notes that even individuals without the BRCA2 gene mutation may face an increased cancer risk due to elevated Methylglyoxal levels, often associated with conditions like diabetes, pre-diabetes, obesity, and unhealthy lifestyle habits.